Introduction

The assignment meticulously highlights the importance of body composition for the assessment of athletic health and performance. This comprehensive research paper coversa broad perspective of the study which help to understand all the emerged future scope of this paper. The physical appearance of each athlete or the structural formation of their body, as specified by their respective genotype and concerned by the atmosphere, greatly influences their mental and physical performances (Ashurali and Farrukh 2023). For each group’s unique needs, accuracy versus speed, practicality, and individual variability to be taken into account when assessing the viability of rapid body composition assessment methods in obese and athletic individuals, it is necessary to weigh each factor. Rapid techniques, such as bioelectrical impedance analysis and assessments of skinfold thickness, provide quick and affordable ways to keep track of changes in body composition. The accuracy of gold-standard methods like MRI or DXA can be lacking, though. Given that the implications of body composition changes differ for the management of obesity-related health issues in obese people and athletes, it is important to be aware of potential restrictions and ethical issues.

This research paper aims to investigate the anthropometric features of occupational athletes who are playing different sports and obese people with respect to theirphysiological and physical performance. Through this measuring procedure, it becomes easier to calculate the body weight of anathletic,or obese people. Obesity people have difficulties with a lot of lifestyle factors and diabetes, hypertension, and general loss of physical activity and how far the difference lies between them, and the athletic people will be analyzed more.Also, this paper hasselected BMI as an appropriate method to assess the physical and physiological interpretation statuses in obese people and athletes to measure the body composition.

Background

The athletes and the obese people are having different anthropometric measurementsand while is training to live a healthy life required for the sports career, the other group is leading a sedentary life, a life without the sports and the activities, leading to more risks in the health and the physical performance as well. Physical performance and health status are two common factors which are influenced by body composition and nutritional condition of both athletes and obese people. Athletes can take fruitful advantage in many sports by altering their body mass or other physical characteristics. Anthropometric traits like the body shape, body sizemay influence a gymnast’s performance in competitions, for instance, since gymnastics has both an aesthetic and a gravitational component. Additionally, a lot of sports include weight categories, so competitors must keep inside a specified body mass range. These sports people go through a lot of weight and the physical training, good food habits and the balanced diets, effective exercise, and the rest house that improves on the anthropometric compositions and the physical activities. On the other hand, though, the people who are obese suffers from food eating problems, overeating, sleep, mental health disorders along with issues of fatigue, restlessness, and insomnia as well(Cuda et al., 2022).As a result, athletes meticulously modify their training and dietary routines in accordance with the demands of their chosen sport.This improves their fitness level, making them more mobile and fit in all aspects – gastroenteritis, hormonal, mental, cardiovascular, and not must musculoskeletal.

Obesity results from intricate interactions of genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors. Common risk factors include eating too many calories, being inactive, and having a genetic propensity. Socioeconomic disparity, inactivity, and poor nutrition quality are environmental factors that significantly affect health. REF?

Monitoring body composition has become essential in this situation, and properly evaluating it enables an objective assessment.[Refer to Appendix.1]This assignment will focus on anthropometric measurements which is a basic method for assessing body composition (Stratton et al. 2020).

Purpose of the Study

The paper will investigate the key importance of understanding the importance of body composition in athletes without disabilities which is directly proportional with body fitness. To deliver more satisfactory diet and exercise guidelines and prevent the psychological issues associated with being tagged as obese.

The primary objective of this study is to critically evaluate the applicability and precision of rapid methods for calculating body composition in obese and active individuals. By evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of various techniques, we want to offer knowledge that can help in making decisions about the best technology for gauging body composition in these specific groups. The purpose of this study is also to increase our understanding about how the Body mass index, the anthropometric characteristics and the physical activity equates with the condition of the athletes and the obesity groups.

Also, this paper will compare the BMI range in athletes and obesepeople’s body through observations from the exiting evidence.There are numerous reasons to keep an eye on a person’s BMI range if they are fat and active. This ensures that athletes maintain a body composition that enhances performance without unnecessarily endangering their health. It assists obese individuals in tracking their weight loss success, assessing their health risks, and determining the best course of action for interventions.The Body mass index and the lean mass ratios are quite different in the groups, rather between the groups such as the athletes and the people who have obesity – therefore, the BMI calculations will be one of the calculations that will be done in the study in order to under the effect of anthropometric fracture, exercise, food, nutrition on the health and the physical abilities status of the two groups of people – fit athletes and the unfit obese people whose are not athletes, and never were athletes. To what extent the habits of life and anthropometric measures ae dependent on one another – will also be found out.

Research Gap

The assignment indicates that most of the literature gap lies in the collected information from the empirical literature study. Thus, data insufficiency which means the gap in the present research data is visible which needs to be addressed considerably. As some information or articles shows limitation in BMI calculation methods and interpretations for determining body composition in athletes and obese people which will be closed with the application of more core and problem centered article search. Another purpose of research on this study will help to investigate the topic in more depth as some studies shows BMI is not the accurate method to measure body composition. Thus, this is considered as a current knowledge gap in this research study.

Research Aim and Objectives

Thisresearch paper aims to highlight themeans of measuring the body composition in exactto add deeper insights to athletes for ensuring they meet operational readiness and physical fitness.

• To assess, taking into account their unique needs and objectives, the suitability of fast body composition diagnostic methodologies for obese and active persons.
• To compare the accuracy and precision of the rapid procedures to standards accepted in the industry.
• To look into the practicality and cost-effectiveness of rapid procedures in the context of routine monitoring.
• To determine how individual differences within each group affect how quickly techniques can be applied.

As lean body mass help to reduced nonessential body that fat contributes to muscular and speed, cardiorespiratory endurance, and agility development in athletes body it is enough important to focus. Similarly, dietary nutrition and fitness are the current issues in athletes. In obese people though, risks are with the lean body mass which is low and the extra fat leads to the other critical risks of heart, liver, kidney, sugar, and the health conditions that increase in complexity with age. The athletes have better body composition, more general levels of fitness and more exercise and more strict dietary regimes – that needs to be taken as a difference point with the people who have no exercise and movement proper, leading to obesity issues. Also, the problems with eating habits and exercise in the obesity people with respect to the athletics will be studied.

Research Questions

In this study report, we aim to address the following significant research inquiries:

• To what extent is the accuracy and reliability of rapid methods, such BMI calculations, appropriate for assessing the body composition of an athlete or obese individual?

• How does employing rapid procedures to measure body composition in these populations on a frequent basis affect finance and practicality?

• In individuals who are overweight or physically fit, what impact does individual variability have on the efficacy of physical activity and functional outcomes?

Research Rationale

This research will focus on the significance of measuring of body composition in athlete’s body. Investigations of the impacts of these quick techniques on actual execution and well-being of competitors and individuals will be examined. It will also examine how the anthropometric measurements are needed to understand the BMI changes in athletes and obese people with factors like exercise and food habits. i)High body fat, which contributes to significant health issues like heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, and stroke, is indicated by a high BMI. For the majority of people, it is an accurate indicator of body fatness (Mohajan and Mohajan, 2023). It is now frequently used for first diagnostics because of how straightforward it is.

Lower BMI denotes underweight, and higher BMI suggests obesity. Obesity and underweight are both associated with subjectively reduced well-being, but a normal BMI is associated with greater well-being (Mohajan and Mohajan, 2023). BMI considerably rises as people get older, which may raise their chance of developing NCDs. Body fatness directly increases with an increase in BMI.

The BMI formula is

BMI = kg/m²

Figure 1: List of range of BMI values

(Source: Mohajan and Mohajan, 2023)

Literature Review

Overview

This assignment is focused to determine the body composition in athletic and obese people by following an appropriate method like BMI to determine the level of activities, physical abilities, and the physical activities in a critical way (Mohajan and Mohajan, 2023).The physical activities, the level of functional independenceis a lot different in the obese people than the people who are also the professional athletes. Therefore, measuring activities like the BMI aids in understanding how the physical activities and the body mass index are linked with one another.

According to Watanabeet al. 2020 the prevalence of obesity rises, the usage of food supplements for weight loss has quickly gained popularity. It’s difficult to navigate the huge, frequently subpar literature that is available, and it’s much harder to give wise counsel to people who want it which is needed in the critical times for motivating the obese people or athletic people to perform the exercises and take healthy food which is on the outcome of the study. On the market that are said to promote weight reduction, categorizing them according to their alleged mechanisms of action. Having the right kind of the dietary supplements, the right kind of the food and the sleep routines, exercise, all are important and therefore, the general level of fitness can be achieved by people. Therefore, as the athletes follow this rule of leading a healthy life, the BMI index and the measurements are found to be better in them than the obese people who are more problems than the health fitness.

Figure 2: Different Body Composition Model

(Source: www.mysportscience.com)

Methodology

Research philosophy – a positivist research refers to quantitative research undertaken while the interpretivist research is the one where the philosophy is more aligned with the qualitative research. The evidence will be from the core articles and the research and therefore, the subjective and the experience part of the subjects and evidence will be given importance in this study. To understand the various kinds of anthropometric measures -habits, lifestyle, nutrition factors on the development of fitness and the obesitywhich affects the results of the measurement, will be considered.Both the quantitative and the qualitative information will be analyzed but in a subjective way to find correct anthropometric methodsfor measurement. There are too many factors associated with athletes and obesity as well as fitness which may disrupt and inform the anthropometric practices different – which is the reason qualitative method is apt . Therefore, the nature of the evidence, if it is more qualitative – will suit the nature and the work of the research over here.

Research approach

In this study, the research will follow a deductive research approach to conduct the study. As deductive approaches focus on the obtain results from ongoing available and existing research to gather information on the similar topic. These approaches reflected that impedance readings may be acquired from the cycle that is utilized to precisely compute body arrangement, for example, how much fat, bulk, and body water is consumed. The risks with cultural management and the work management a

Systemic Review Methods

Figure3: Systemic framework

(Source: Self-made in Draw.io)

A systematic review plays a crucial role in this work by providing an overview and critical evaluation of the available data on rapid body composition measuring methodologies in obese individuals and athletes. It provides an extensive overview of the extant data, aids in identifying trends, contradictions, and areas of unmet research need, and shapes evidence-based conclusions that bolster the credibility and use of the work(Eigenschenk et al. 2019). Systematic reviews are useful for filtering of the correct and most relevant data with respect to the research reasoning and the purpose of the research. A lot of interpretations and always, synthesis of the data – can be done with the aid of systematic review. Also, the difference and the implications, the critical underpinnings of each of the studies from one another – will also be explained better with systematic review.

The systemic review of Pereira et al. 2022 describes that patient at cardiovascular risk showed significant variations in BMI and FM as well as significant gains in lean mass and metabolic rate (Pereira et al. 2022). Despite the limited sample size, the effect size was judged as being high for weight, BMI, FM, lean mass, and basal metabolic rate. The study draw attention to the fact that Pilates affects basal metabolic rate since it affects weight (Pereira et al. 2022). The bio impedance approach was employed in a different investigation that discovered a significant decline in body fat percentage and abdominal fat percentage. A rise in lean mass was also noted in the group of young university students who received Pilate’s instruction (Pereira et al. 2022). There were also substantial benefits in adopting an aquatic environment for a Pilate’s variation.